Month: August 2017

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Polarized light microscopes have been used in classical earth science studies for the last 100 years. Since then a lot of progress has been made to increase the user friendliness, ergonomy, and optical performance of such microscopes. Still, one thing has not changed: Classical polarized light (compound) microscopes can only be used for prepared samples, …

Digital Microscopy in Earth Science Read More »

Polarized light microscopes have been used in classical earth science studies for the last 100 years. Since then a lot of progress has been made to increase the user friendliness, ergonomy, and optical performance of such microscopes. Still, one thing has not changed: Classical polarized light (compound) microscopes can only be used for prepared samples, …

Watch the Webinar On-Demand: Digital Microscopy in Earth Science Read More »

For most microscope applications, there are generally only two sets of optics which are adjusted by the user, namely, the objectives and the eyepieces. Of course, this is assuming that the microscope is already corrected for Koehler Illumination during which the condenser and diaphragms are adjusted. This article covers the components of the eyepieces …

Eyepieces, Objectives and Optical Aberrations Read More »

For a single-channel system, this inflexibility was removed by using a spectral device, the spectrometer. The first multi-channel spectrometric device with freely tunable detection channels for confocal microscopes allowing to record images in different colors simultaneously was introduced by Leica Lasertechnik [1] in 1997: the SP-detector. The SP-detector solution for confocal microscopes employs a prism splitting …

Mission Impossible Accomplished: Tunable Colors for Non-descanning Detection Read More »

Directly under the stage in an upright microscope (or above the stage but in front of the light source/field diaphragm in an inverted microscope), is the sub-stage condenser (Figure 1). Although it has focus wheels which are similar to the fine/coarse focus of the microscope, this component is used for focusing the light from the …

Koehler Illumination: A Brief History and a Practical Set Up in Five Easy Steps Read More »

All the different cell types mentioned above can be grown in different ways. For example, a cell culture can be comprised of only a single cell type or various ones. Moreover, the cells can be organized in a 2D or 3D orientation. The simplest way to culture cells is in an ordinary petri dish with …

Introduction to Mammalian Cell Culture Read More »

A less common immersion objective found on research-grade microscopes (and usually confocal microscopes) is the ‘water-immersion’ objective, usually abbreviated as ‘WI’ or ‘W’ on the barrel of the objective. The water immersion objective is highly recommended when imaging live cells which are in cell medium. There are two types of water immersions objectives (s. Figure …

Immersion Objectives: Using Oil, Glycerol, or Water to Overcome some of the Limits of Resolution Read More »

Heavy metal contamination in water is a serious risk to the public health and other life forms on earth. Current research in nanotechnology is developing new nanosystems and nanomaterials for the fast and efficient removal of pollutants and heavy metals from water. Here, we report graphene oxide-based microbots (GOx-microbots) as active self-propelled systems for the …

Graphene-Based Microbots for Toxic Heavy Metal Removal and Recovery from Water Read More »