Optogenetics is a technique that allows scientists to control neurons’ electrical activity with light by engineering them to express light-sensitive proteins. Within the past decade, it has become a very powerful tool for discovering the functions of different types of cells in the brain. Source link
In the automotive industry, the technical cleanliness of function-critical individual and system components has become an increasingly critical criterion for reliability and service life. This trend is also reflected in ISO/DIS 16232 (road vehicles – cleanliness of components of fluid circuits). Microscope systems with corresponding analytical software enable efficient and reliable residual dirt analysis of …
Background The long-term success of Ti alloy dental implants largely depends on rapid healing with safe integration into the jaw bone (osseointegration) [1]. The surface topography of the Ti alloy is crucial for the long term success of dental implants. Treatments for Ti implant materials have been developed in the last decade in a concentrated effort …
From neuroscience, genetics, biotechnology and digital media to sustainable energy and cloud computing, almost everything today is somehow affected – and sometimes entirely reshaped – by scientific and technological advances. By science in this article we mean the natural and engineering sciences (we thus exclude pure mathematics as well as the social sciences). Thus, in …
The 50 Most Influential Scientists in the World Today Read More »
The cellular organization of the cortex is of fundamental importance for elucidating the structural principles that underlie its functions. It has been suggested that reconstructing the structure and synaptic wiring of the elementary functional building block of mammalian cortices, the cortical column, might suffice to reverse engineer and simulate the functions of entire cortices. In …
Cellular Organization of Cortical Barrel Columns is Whisker-specific Read More »
In this article, we demonstrate assays to study thermal nociception in Drosophila larvae. One assay involves spatially-restricted (local) stimulation of thermal nociceptors while the second involves a wholesale (global) activation of most or all such neurons. Together, these techniques allow visualization and quantification of the behavioral functions of Drosophila nociceptive sensory neurons. The Drosophila larva …
Local and Global Methods of Assessing Thermal Nociception in Drosophila Larvae Read More »
Figure 1 shows the deposition of recombinant fungal phytase in maize endosperm cells. Recombinant fungal phytase carrying a signal peptide and no further targeting signal was expressed in maize endosperm. Slices of endosperm corresponding to a mid developmental stage were cut with a razor blade and fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde and 0,5 % glutaraldehyde. After dehydration …
Mouse heart tissue from wild-type (WT) and αT-catenin KO (KO) mice was excised, immersed in 20 % (w/v) BSA and frozen immediately in a high-pressure freezer (Leica EM PACT). Freeze substitution was carried out using a Leica EM AFS in dry acetone containing 2 % ddH2O, and 0.1 % glutaraldehyde over a 4-days period as follows: –90 °C for 24 hours, 2 °C per hour …
